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MODUS: Decoder-Only Any-to-Any Modeling of Diverse Modalities

Mingqiao Ye, Zhaochong An, Zhitong Gao, Xian Liu, Fran\c{c}ois Fleuret, Chuan Li, Amir Zadeh, Serge Belongie, Afshin Dehghan, Jesse Allardice, David Mizrahi, O\u{g}uzhan Fatih Kar, Roman Bachmann, Amir Zamir

Published Jul 29, 2026Featured #6In the daily list Jul 30, 2026
Daily score62.7
Editorial review6.8
Relevance0.502
Freshness0.722

Why It Matters

What makes this one worth your time

This approach could simplify multimodal model architectures by eliminating the need for modality-specific components, potentially broadening the applicability of pre-trained models.

Modus enables symmetric any-to-any multimodal modeling using a decoder-only architecture.

Summary

The paper presents Modus, a decoder-only model for any-to-any multimodal modeling, which treats all modalities symmetrically and supports arbitrary modalities as inputs and outputs without modality-specific components. It aims to leverage pre-trained decoder-only models and demonstrates competitive performance across various benchmarks.

Key contributions

  • Introduction of a decoder-only architecture for any-to-any multimodal modeling.
  • Demonstration of competitive performance with a single model across various benchmarks.

Notable insights

  • The use of a decoder-only architecture allows for symmetric treatment of all modalities.
  • Modus supports chained generation and cross-modal self-verification, enhancing its flexibility.

Possible limitations

  • Not stated in the abstract

Abstract

arXiv:2607.25948v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Any-to-any models predict any modality from any combination of others within a single network, a formulation used in multimodal vision and vision-language models, and increasingly in scientific domains such as ecology and astronomy. Existing any-to-any models are typically trained from scratch using encoder-decoder or diffusion architectures, impacting their performance and preventing them from using strong pre-trained decoder-only models as a prior. In this work, we investigate decoder-only any-to-any multimodal modeling, which treats all modalities symmetrically and supports arbitrary modalities as inputs and outputs without modality-specific heads, losses, or task pipelines. Because every modality is both an input and an output of the same model, the resulting model, named Modus, can support a range of applications, such as chained generation through intermediate modalities or cross-modal self-verification by scoring the model's own outputs with another generated modality. Modus demonstrates strong out-of-the-box performance and is competitive with specialist and multitask baselines using a single model across various benchmarks. All materials are open-sourced at https://modus-multimodal.epfl.ch/.